Los trabajos de demolición de la terminal de autobuses Observatorio y la transformación que tendrá esta zona ubicada al poniente de la capital, en la alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, es un buen motivo para recordar cómo lucía antes y el por qué de su nombre.
Fue en los años 60 que se conformó la ahora extinta Central Poniente para agilizar el traslado de habitantes del poniente de la capital hacia el centro y así evitar que los camiones de pasajeros ingresaran a la zona céntrica de la CDMX.
Para ahondar más en el tema platicamos con Kevin Enrique Cruz Ramírez, quien desde hace tres años es fundador y administrador de la página de Facebook “Metronomía”, con información referente al STC Metro.
Construcción de la estación terminal del Metro Observatorio en los años 70. Colección Villasana.
Kevin comenta que en 1908 se inauguró el nuevo edificio del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en Tacubaya, y aclara que el conjunto arquitectónico no sólo integraba un edificio para albergar los telescopios: también alojaba una biblioteca, oficinas y pequeñas casas habitacionales para los astrónomos.
Lee también: Desde Tacubaya se podía ver el Universo
El crecimiento acelerado de la capital, continúa Cruz Rojas, extendió el alumbrado público e incrementó la contaminación, por lo que décadas después el Observatorio se vio obligado a buscar otro tipo de condiciones climáticas y geográficas que lo beneficiaran.
Este es el domo que se construyó para el telescopio “Carta del Cielo” en su nuevo hogar, el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tonantzintla. Wikimedia Commons.
En 1942, Luis Enrique Erro fundó el Observatorio Astrofísico de Tonantzintla, Puebla, que de acuerdo al sitio oficial del Instituto de Astronomía de la UNAM “se escogió Tonantzintla (...) porque cumplía con normas de calidad por su elevado número de noches despejadas, así como altura geográfica y por su mínima incidencia lumínica de las poblaciones cercanas”.
Ambos observatorios funcionaron hasta 1951, cuando se decidió trasladar por completo el Observatorio de Tacubaya.
Kevin agrega con emoción que uno de los instrumentos cuyo traslado era de suma importancia fue el telescopio “Carta del Cielo”, mandado a hacer en 1889 a una compañía irlandesa de nombre Grubb y que instalaron en 1890, durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz. A través de él se obtuvieron miles de placas fotográficas y algunas de ellas fueron parte del “Catálogo fotográfico y carta del cielo”, iniciativa promovida por el Observatorio de París.
Telescopio "Carta del Cielo" al interior del domo del complejo astronómico en Tonantzintla, Puebla. Este aparato, de finales del siglo XIX, formó parte de la "mudanza" del observatorio desde la ciudad de México a Puebla, y que hoy está en manos de la UNAM. Imagen: Flickr.
Aunque breve, este video permite conocer el aspecto del telescopio que se “mudó” de Tacubaya a Tonantzintla. Tomado de YouTube.
El edificio del Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya fue demolido, pero el edificio del Ex-Arzobispado sigue en uso hasta la fecha, según explica nuestro entrevistado, para llevar a cabo diversas actividades del Sistema Meteorológico Nacional.
Lee también: Las Cabañuelas, relación hombre-naturaleza que se está perdiendo
Más tarde, el 11 de febrero de 1964, sobre el terreno donde se encontraba la mayor parte del Observatorio de Tacubaya, el Dr. Ignacio Chávez y el Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, rector de la UNAM y Presidente de la República respectivamente, inauguraron el plantel número 4 de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP) -que hasta la actualidad conserva un mural de José Chávez Morado.
","type":"raw_html","adsDesktopNum":2,"activateAd":true,"amp":7,"ads":5},{"_id":"WDUUC6OZSZEGVKRO4HGCWYTNN4","additional_properties":{},"content":"Aunque breve, este video permite conocer el aspecto del telescopio que se “mudó” de Tacubaya a Tonantzintla. Tomado de YouTube.","type":"text"},{"_id":"NPCJUUJX7NEK5HPS7X2BTKRRUQ","additional_properties":{},"content":"El edificio del Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya fue demolido, pero el edificio del Ex-Arzobispado sigue en uso hasta la fecha, según explica nuestro entrevistado, para llevar a cabo diversas actividades del Sistema Meteorológico Nacional.","type":"text","activateAd":true,"amp":9,"ads":6},{"_id":"4EEFQ2TPXNAC5MXYXAKVSB4LSU","additional_properties":{},"content":"Lee también: Las Cabañuelas, relación hombre-naturaleza que se está perdiendo","type":"text"},{"_id":"FZCKMOOIQVGJJFMATBJMRNYTG4","additional_properties":{},"content":"Más tarde, el 11 de febrero de 1964, sobre el terreno donde se encontraba la mayor parte del Observatorio de Tacubaya, el Dr. Ignacio Chávez y el Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, rector de la UNAM y Presidente de la República respectivamente, inauguraron el plantel número 4 de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP) -que hasta la actualidad conserva un mural de José Chávez Morado.","type":"text","activateAd":true,"amp":11,"ads":7},{"_id":"4WB7V4XT75GA5DPLVDWOFG45WY","additional_properties":{"_id":"TUWOYWJTSVHFRONHQ32D6L4OQU"},"content":"","type":"raw_html"},{"_id":"M2JAVQI7ZJDHBCIHPNWX2QM24E","additional_properties":{},"content":"Esta animación muestra un adelanto del aspecto que lucirán las instalaciones de Observatorio una vez que se conecte con la Línea 12 y el Tren Interurbano. Tomado de YouTube.","type":"text"},{"_id":"ITH3H7IWIJBKRLEOKCFENORJFI","additional_properties":{},"content":"Con la modernización del tramo Salto del Agua-Observatorio de la Línea 1, se ha desmantelado la estructura original de la terminal, pero nuestro especialista asegura que conservará su configuración original: dos andenes y dos vías.","type":"text"},{"_id":"5E2ZWMV3L5A7NGFH44YIBKAN4Y","additional_properties":{},"content":"Sin embargo, nos comparte los cambios que sí veremos: levantarán una nueva estructura elevada que no solo alojará los nuevos accesos de la estación, sino también los pasillos de conexión con el Tren Interurbano y se construirán pasillos subterráneos que llevarán a la Línea 12 del Metro.","type":"text"},{"_id":"LVRJWJFV2BHCRLUGT6UV2QYEEY","additional_properties":{},"content":"“La zona se transformará radicalmente con esta obra que pretende entregarse a más tardar durante 2024”, concluye Cruz Ramírez.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/OZ3OZk2fJbdjP2pBee0ktKzg840=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["linea 12","megaobras","observatorio"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"ampliacion-metro-mixcoac-observatorio.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/OZ3OZk2fJbdjP2pBee0ktKzg840=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/OZ3OZk2fJbdjP2pBee0ktKzg840=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/ifbrtatL2djnn85atom1tfzU1E0=/300x0/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","version":1,"template_id":1136,"_id":"3ST57DAGYNF7PNQUC6PEFNFFWE"},"address":{},"alt_text":"Construcción de la extensión de 4.6 km de la Línea 12 en túnel profundo, de Mixcoac a Observatorio, con dos estaciones, una terminal, y un depósito de trenes con cola de maniobras. Incluye la construcción de la obra civil y electromecánica. Con el proyecto, la Línea 12 será la de mayor extensión del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo de la CDMX, con 28.3 km en total. Imagen: FONADIN.","auth":{"1":"a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168"},"caption":"Aunque en este plano el norte geográfico está a lado derecho y el poniente al lado de arriba, se aprecia la proyección de las estaciones que conectarán Mixcoac con Observatorio. Con el proyecto, la Línea 12 sería la de mayor extensión del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo de la CDMX, con 28.3 km en total. Imagen: FONADIN.","created_date":"2024-01-18T01:01:59Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":615,"y":383},"geo":{},"height":787,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-18T01:04:18Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"ampliacion-metro-mixcoac-observatorio","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},{"_id":"JA33LAQWVBH3FHO6XDOEJ4N74I","items":[{"_id":"W7C3Y3W7O5FTRDC5ROAF6H4RUI","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Fuentes:","type":"text"},{"_id":"RVSY7HFP3REQHJ2YLAIARTKEDQ","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Entrevista a Kevin Enrique Cruz Ramírez, estudiante de Ingeniería Eléctrica en la ESIME del IPN. Desde hace tres años es fundador y administrador de la página de Facebook “Metronomía”, con información referente al STC Metro.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TUZVQM5QFJBRDJBZGIIEEELIDU","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Libro “El Metro de México. Primera Memoria”. Publicado por Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transporte Metropolitano, en 1973.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IVUAAWLFSZCEHDEWFB4DFYQYKU","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Libro “Memoria Metro de la Ciudad de México”. Publicado por Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transporte Metropolitano en 1977.","type":"text"},{"_id":"LT4DK6OG6ZHADBKR5O4VFT6HMY","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Libro “Programa Maestro del Metro. Segunda Revisión. Versión 1985”. Publicado por la Comisión de Vialidad y Transporte Urbano, en 1986.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MXGAOM64CNE5XHKSANJ332EDD4","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Libro “Plan Maestro del Metro y Trenes Ligeros. Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México”. Publicado por el Departamento del Distrito Federal y la Secretaría de Vialidad y Transporte, en 1997.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QBNXHKJ325HSTE3L7KD3VHUPE4","additional_properties":{},"block_properties":{},"content":"Libro “Treinta años de hacer el Metro Ciudad de México”. Publicado por Espejo de Obsidiana e Ingenieros Civiles Asociados, en 1997.","type":"text"}],"list_type":"unordered","type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"libre"},"created_date":"2024-01-18T00:03:50.788Z","credits":{"by":[{"_id":"Carlos-Villasana","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Carlos Villasana","image":{"url":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/a924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png","version":"0.5.8"},"description":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","url":"/autores/carlos-villasana","slug":"carlos-villasana","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com"},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion"},{"site":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"Carlos-Villasana","firstName":"Carlos","lastName":"Villasana","byline":"Carlos Villasana","role":"Periodista de la sección Opinión","image":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/a924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png","email":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com","affiliations":"","education":[],"awards":[],"books":[],"podcasts":[],"facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion","twitter":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion","bio_page":"/autores/carlos-villasana","bio":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","longBio":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","slug":"carlos-villasana","native_app_rendering":false,"fuzzy_match":false,"contributor":false,"status":true,"expertise":"Investigador, escritor y asesor; colabora con editoriales e instituciones. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de CDMX","last_updated_date":"2025-06-18T00:25:44.913Z"}}}]},"display_date":"2024-01-21T06:01:00Z","first_publish_date":"2024-01-21T06:01:00.382Z","headlines":{"basic":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio","meta_title":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio","mobile":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio","native":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio","print":"","tablet":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio","web":"Así llegó el Metro a Observatorio"},"label":{"nota_liveblog":{"display":true,"text":"no","url":""},"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"last_updated_date":"2024-01-21T06:01:00.382Z","owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"planning":{"scheduling":{"will_have_image":true},"story_length":{"character_count_actual":11968,"inch_count_actual":13,"line_count_actual":90,"word_count_actual":1947}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/QbMjtTrd8i7Cd5mkChhe_7RHqs8=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["observatorio","tacubaya","cdmx poniente"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"villasana torres 1900 PRINCIPAL.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/QbMjtTrd8i7Cd5mkChhe_7RHqs8=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/QbMjtTrd8i7Cd5mkChhe_7RHqs8=/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/3cu3B-Bi2N8Hi3cUD_fEu3oAmYg=/300x0/arc-photo-eluniversal/arc2-prod/public/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"El Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya en una fotografía de 1910, dos años después de su inauguración. El crecimiento de la ciudad hizo necesario el traslado del observatorio a Tonantzintla, Puebla, en 1951; este inmueble fue demolido tiempo después y hoy en su lugar se encuentra la Preparatoria 4 de la UNAM. Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a"},"caption":"El Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya en una fotografía de 1910, dos años después de su inauguración. El crecimiento de la ciudad hizo necesario el traslado del observatorio a Tonantzintla, Puebla, en 1951; este inmueble fue demolido tiempo después y hoy en su lugar se encuentra la Preparatoria 4 de la UNAM. Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:53:26Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":677,"y":316},"geo":{},"height":677,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:53:43Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"observatorio-astronomico-1910","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}}},"publish_date":"2024-01-21T06:01:00.382Z","related_content":{"basic":[],"redirect":[]},"revision":{"branch":"default","editions":["default"],"parent_id":"BCUYIC4NK5FX7LS5Y54KZC77U4","published":true,"revision_id":"J6UNCTY6MJCD3M2EA3QFN47RZ4"},"source":{"name":"eluniversal","source_type":"staff","system":"composer"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"En los años 60 surgió la terminal de autobuses Observatorio, tal como la conocíamos, pues hoy esta zona luce irreconocible, en plena transformación y ahora será la terminal del tren interurbano que correrá hacia Toluca y contará con túneles que conectarán con la línea 12 del Metro. Texto: Carlos Villasana"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","order":{"default":1448},"parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"ancestors":{"default":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","order":{"default":1448},"parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"ancestors":{"default":[]},"inactive":false}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","order":{"default":1448},"parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"ancestors":{"default":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinion","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Opinion","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/"},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"}],"seo_keywords":["años setenta","linea 1 del metro","historia cdmx","astronomia"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","order":{"default":1448},"parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"ancestors":{"default":[]},"inactive":false}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinion","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Opinion","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/"},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","slug":"mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","text":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},{"description":"Metro CDMX","slug":"metro-cdmx","text":"Metro CDMX"},{"description":"cetram","slug":"cetram","text":"cetram"},{"description":"Tacubaya","slug":"tacubaya","text":"Tacubaya"},{"description":"Observatorio","slug":"observatorio","text":"Observatorio"}]},"type":"story","website":"eluniversal","website_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/asi-llego-el-metro-a-observatorio/","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","order":{"default":1448},"parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"ancestors":{"default":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo"},"website_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/asi-llego-el-metro-a-observatorio/"}},"_id":"X6CHS2M3ONFLVPTIPOYTQQASBM"};Fusion.globalContentConfig={"source":"story-by-url","query":{"uri":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/asi-llego-el-metro-a-observatorio/","url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/asi-llego-el-metro-a-observatorio/","includeContentElements":"true","arc-site":"eluniversal"}};Fusion.lastModified=1753916616123;Fusion.contentCache={"signing-service":{"{\"id\":\"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/a924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png\"}":{"data":{"hash":"d04eafc6666f289a2768acb0be58605f731fd7f1cb3c7fe7ed160707723b1e5c","type":"sha256","_id":"3b04b295077821c51cac6643c2bf1bf5601e92cbfc025ffb68612546b6ce7e78"},"expires":1785333442487,"lastModified":1753797442183}},"navigation-by-hierarchy":{"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-noticias\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-4P3SOLYZ6ZHNHJZWZ3OBNXWSPI","children":[],"display_name":"Nación","node_type":"link","url":"/nacion/"},{"_id":"/suprema-corte-de-justicia","children":[],"name":"Corte 2.0","node_type":"section"},{"_id":"link-POVZRLOZABDM5PYOTAI3XFICUI","children":[],"display_name":"Mujeres a seguir","node_type":"link","url":"/mujeres-a-seguir/"},{"_id":"/periodismo-de-investigacion","children":[],"name":"Periodismo de investigación","node_type":"section"},{"_id":"link-KYZDZCWFK5D7ZMZWM2TUAE6OYE","children":[],"display_name":"El Uni Explica","node_type":"link","url":"/el-uni-explica/"},{"_id":"link-U52G6KIYIJBA7DD2RWOFCTXTSM","children":[],"display_name":"Gabinete de Sheinbaum","node_type":"link","url":"/gabinete-de-sheinbaum/"},{"_id":"link-U7RTXE2THNBXNM6AFSWZ7VJUTE","children":[],"display_name":"Mundo","node_type":"link","url":"/mundo/"},{"_id":"link-YYU3NHSEQRFBNL4N7X7QGW7X7E","children":[],"display_name":"Donald Trump","node_type":"link","url":"/donald-trump-presidente-estados-unidos/"},{"_id":"link-4ERXQHVFEFBFDFMPMZZWL6MJ2M","children":[],"display_name":"Metropoli","node_type":"link","url":"/metropoli/"},{"_id":"link-FIXJSLMBL5EI5FT6U4LWAAP3BM","children":[],"display_name":"Estados","node_type":"link","url":"/estados/"},{"_id":"link-5DWWPXF5BBCP7L3GTMUIVUSUWY","children":[],"display_name":"Narcotráfico","node_type":"link","url":"/narco-en-mexico/"},{"_id":"link-EH3ZDDYBKVBMZHCWVNKUGPI3SY","children":[],"display_name":"Opinión","node_type":"link","url":"/opinion/"},{"_id":"link-PTELBDE3XNE73M4EHFYPO7JVKM","children":[],"display_name":"Cartones","node_type":"link","url":"/carton"},{"_id":"link-PW4Z2MVEG5DFZJEWJNWZIUUCWY","children":[],"display_name":"Economía","node_type":"link","url":"/cartera/"},{"_id":"link-THMABCI2Q5GWZOQMMYRDZN6KAE","children":[],"display_name":"Universal Deportes","node_type":"link","url":"/deportes/"},{"_id":"link-Y55QGOH75BDSJB3KKIFD3XFLKU","children":[],"display_name":"Espectáculos","node_type":"link","url":"/espectaculos/"},{"_id":"link-CYFFYH5NVVDFBLB2VV7SFRLXNA","children":[],"display_name":"Cultura","node_type":"link","url":"/cultura/"},{"_id":"/cultura/confabulario","children":[],"name":"Confabulario","node_type":"section"},{"_id":"link-LBYE7JAORNDX5BVZ3HCHF3NAB4","children":[],"display_name":"Tendencias","node_type":"link","url":"/tendencias/"},{"_id":"link-EXFWBIFOPNGMVJ6B73N4EJWZQA","children":[],"display_name":"Ciencia y Salud","node_type":"link","url":"/ciencia-y-salud/"},{"_id":"link-KNPONKWMFREW5O7SGNTYDSZ4BQ","children":[],"display_name":"MXM","node_type":"link","url":"/minuto-x-minuto/"},{"_id":"link-RKTBLQ6DLRF7NFSHZW6I2VUOEM","children":[],"display_name":"Techbit","node_type":"link","url":"/techbit/"},{"_id":"link-2FNAFPJR7VGCZJBAYKDHQ63VBU","children":[],"display_name":"Menú","node_type":"link","url":"/menu/"},{"_id":"link-B3DUQXKQKNCOFO23MGID7DETXY","children":[],"display_name":"De última","node_type":"link","url":"/de-ultima/"},{"_id":"link-HCTRSHLZHRDVFNQXVULVWQ3ULQ","children":[],"display_name":"Destinos","node_type":"link","url":"/destinos/"},{"_id":"link-FEWR3UMMTFGFJM4FOEKCZ4BJ6Y","children":[],"display_name":"Autopistas","node_type":"link","url":"/autopistas/"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753916652276,"lastModified":1753916152221},"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-verticales\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-LM2YWR5GDBA7DE2WH47SM32P5E","children":[],"display_name":"De10sports","node_type":"link","url":"https://de10.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-VBJBXU6CHRAHLJB7YH3AJSOTRA","children":[],"display_name":"DeDinero","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.dedinero.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-CQNWWUJ5CRFJHPD5RYU7TRXBCY","children":[],"display_name":"El Gráfico","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.elgrafico.mx/"},{"_id":"link-CYHKQ73NGNDJXDQNFCGH4I3KMM","children":[],"display_name":"ViveUSA","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.viveusa.mx/"},{"_id":"link-TD2EY4K3XRH4BGITVPRPEDRDBA","children":[],"display_name":"Generación Universitaria","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.generacionuniversitaria.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-GM5BB2YS6FAAXLCKR3CTKD7JEE","children":[],"display_name":"SuMédico","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.sumedico.com/"},{"_id":"link-DZXQZ52VZFCZDPNQGXP2T4JD3A","children":[],"display_name":"Aviso Oportuno","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.avisooportuno.mx/"},{"_id":"link-GEH3ZYT75FFUDBE62AXI3PTO3Q","children":[],"display_name":"Descuentos","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/descubreycompra/"},{"_id":"link-XBZHGU5IXJBOFENKEOJSCJHHGI","children":[],"display_name":"Juegos","node_type":"link","url":"/juegos"},{"_id":"link-7B2L2WDVOZBMFO4LXX36UEEZUA","children":[],"display_name":"Descubre y Compra","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/descubre-y-compra/"},{"_id":"link-2DJVDY7MHNFJDLH7FZLN3R7UBE","children":[],"display_name":"Obituarios","node_type":"link","url":"https://obituarios.eluniversal.com.mx/"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753916616259,"lastModified":1753916116167},"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-locales\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-HPP6D5DMRFFHJEDXC76PLMB3UA","children":[],"display_name":"Edomex","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversaledomex.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-2A45PIH4ZJCMZBR6NP5DXH5COU","children":[],"display_name":"Oaxaca","node_type":"link","url":"https://oaxaca.eluniversal.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-EIZUHUOIDBGSNC2AQ2ZH53JPQY","children":[],"display_name":"Puebla","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversalpuebla.com.mx/"},{"_id":"link-URIATBNXRFD4LBSDAQJQFX4IAQ","children":[],"display_name":"Hidalgo","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversalhidalgo.com.mx"},{"_id":"link-VTRV3PWGFNEWVFRJE4Z5QPJEGE","children":[],"display_name":"Querétaro","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.eluniversalqueretaro.mx/"},{"_id":"link-GVCXTMRRHVHDZMK5L563G3YDYQ","children":[],"display_name":"San Luis Potosí","node_type":"link","url":"https://sanluis.eluniversal.com.mx/"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753916994679,"lastModified":1753916494599},"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-bar\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-ZDS72URFBFDIJPIGIYD74H4JEA","children":[],"display_name":"SALA PLUS","node_type":"link","url":"/sala-plus/"},{"_id":"link-NTG6DBRWJFD33ASWAZ3AQYD55U","children":[],"display_name":"MXM","node_type":"link","url":"/minuto-x-minuto/"},{"_id":"link-QGKNRSJWRFHPPMFP3M65WPOOKY","children":[],"display_name":"Videos","node_type":"link","url":"/videos/"},{"_id":"link-2HP5MHEV3VB4HHDBGISXJOR7KU","children":[],"display_name":"Podcast","node_type":"link","url":"/podcast/"},{"_id":"link-ZNXTCKEE5FDIBAWKNVYQHTT56A","children":[],"display_name":"Newsletters","node_type":"link","url":"/newsletters/"},{"_id":"link-WNWAF6G3CZCU5DEUK7HH47RK7E","children":[],"display_name":"Juegos","node_type":"link","url":"/juegos"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753916703836,"lastModified":1753916203739},"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-suplementos\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-7XJZUAZBBJGHDIJCUIH7I5LQUQ","children":[],"display_name":"Clase","node_type":"link","url":"https://www.revistaclase.mx/"},{"_id":"link-OUDDVPZ7DNGNPB6U4GBTZ2R2CY","children":[],"display_name":"Techbit","node_type":"link","url":"/techbit/"},{"_id":"link-E7L4VC5SSBBMDP76A27PWGPQOA","children":[],"display_name":"Menú","node_type":"link","url":"/menu/"},{"_id":"link-FMS6DHNG7NAVTP2FWRBIFASIHI","children":[],"display_name":"De Última","node_type":"link","url":"/de-ultima/"},{"_id":"link-2LBSUUQXVFAL5AU53E2ISYIUFU","children":[],"display_name":"Destinos","node_type":"link","url":"/destinos/"},{"_id":"link-52RQGS7NBBDWHOSBFO4UKW7JV4","children":[],"display_name":"Autopistas","node_type":"link","url":"/autopistas/"},{"_id":"link-7NOYIGV36JEZLAMRGZOZZMWS34","children":[],"display_name":"Tiempo de Relojes","node_type":"link","url":"/tiempo-de-relojes/"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753917001664,"lastModified":1753916501603},"{\"hierarchy\":\"nav-multimedia\"}":{"data":{"children":[{"_id":"link-Q4GLLDYAI5DXZFLEI2YHEYJM2E","children":[],"display_name":"Podcast","node_type":"link","url":"/podcast/"},{"_id":"link-MDMPS4CW6FEJZLZPF4SMNSW6YY","children":[],"display_name":"Videos","node_type":"link","url":"/videos/"},{"_id":"link-NB5LXICXV5DAJOCDTT4XDGGAXQ","children":[],"display_name":"Fotos","node_type":"link","url":"/galerias/"},{"_id":"link-55U4JSVZHRDHVC4ARKXTNTTB7I","children":[],"display_name":"Especiales","node_type":"link","url":"/especiales/"},{"_id":"link-QDLLY4WOFVGUHMZM4O65S3VNPA","children":[],"display_name":"Newsletters","node_type":"link","url":"/newsletters/"}],"_id":"/"},"expires":1753916659148,"lastModified":1753916159094}},"photo-by-id":{"{\"_id\":\"DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI\"}":{"data":{"_id":"DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg?auth=d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["observatorio","tacubaya","cdmx poniente"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"villasana torres 1900 PRINCIPAL.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg?auth=d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg?auth=d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg?auth=d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"El Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya en una fotografía de 1910, dos años después de su inauguración. El crecimiento de la ciudad hizo necesario el traslado del observatorio a Tonantzintla, Puebla, en 1951; este inmueble fue demolido tiempo después y hoy en su lugar se encuentra la Preparatoria 4 de la UNAM. Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"d29b09f5d8dc6d410d020745a08ecd5a3b4e2bac47694ba7e07f2d8408cfa06a"},"caption":"El Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya en una fotografía de 1910, dos años después de su inauguración. El crecimiento de la ciudad hizo necesario el traslado del observatorio a Tonantzintla, Puebla, en 1951; este inmueble fue demolido tiempo después y hoy en su lugar se encuentra la Preparatoria 4 de la UNAM. Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:53:26Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":677,"y":316},"geo":{},"height":677,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:53:43Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"observatorio-astronomico-1910","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/DDTU63DMEBA23KGNIBTBHV2ZVI.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415709,"lastModified":1753916615501},"{\"_id\":\"ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY\"}":{"data":{"_id":"ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg?auth=36722d41244c27512fff64575102e98dddf32469180dc707b1e682b2b1af226c","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["cdmx poniente","metro linea 1","observatorio","tacubaya"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen10.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg?auth=36722d41244c27512fff64575102e98dddf32469180dc707b1e682b2b1af226c","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg?auth=36722d41244c27512fff64575102e98dddf32469180dc707b1e682b2b1af226c","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg?auth=36722d41244c27512fff64575102e98dddf32469180dc707b1e682b2b1af226c&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Construcción de la estación terminal del Metro Observatorio en los años 70. Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"36722d41244c27512fff64575102e98dddf32469180dc707b1e682b2b1af226c"},"caption":"Construcción de la estación terminal del Metro Observatorio en los años 70. Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:38:36Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":745,"y":489},"geo":{},"height":793,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:41:31Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"metro-observatorio-central-autobuses","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/ZEMX7WKXU5C3JATDWFWMEKDCOY.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415709,"lastModified":1753916615504},"{\"_id\":\"B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM\"}":{"data":{"_id":"B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg?auth=b7c9cd48a4b0760f7703574701c3e5945ffbdf20a6a70d2b724542b180b8ce97","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["puebla","astronomia","observatorio","unam"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"domo-telescopio-oan-tonantzintla.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg?auth=b7c9cd48a4b0760f7703574701c3e5945ffbdf20a6a70d2b724542b180b8ce97","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg?auth=b7c9cd48a4b0760f7703574701c3e5945ffbdf20a6a70d2b724542b180b8ce97","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg?auth=b7c9cd48a4b0760f7703574701c3e5945ffbdf20a6a70d2b724542b180b8ce97&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Este es el domo que se construyó para el telescopio “Carta del Cielo” en su nuevo hogar, el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tonantzintla. Wikimedia Commons.","auth":{"1":"b7c9cd48a4b0760f7703574701c3e5945ffbdf20a6a70d2b724542b180b8ce97"},"caption":"Este es el domo que se construyó para el telescopio “Carta del Cielo” en su nuevo hogar, el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tonantzintla. Wikimedia Commons.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:15:06Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":609,"y":416},"geo":{},"height":764,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:15:38Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"domo-telescopio-oan-tonantzintla","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/B5CNBBDONFFDBCQZHC6RDNO4CM.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415710,"lastModified":1753916615490},"{\"_id\":\"7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ\"}":{"data":{"_id":"7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg?auth=862dff9b8905e63f540421709e565010834ddd2a6ec10e4c18810d1489f662f7","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["observatorio","astronomia","telescopio","fisica"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"telescopio-antiguo-carta-del-cielo.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg?auth=862dff9b8905e63f540421709e565010834ddd2a6ec10e4c18810d1489f662f7","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg?auth=862dff9b8905e63f540421709e565010834ddd2a6ec10e4c18810d1489f662f7","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg?auth=862dff9b8905e63f540421709e565010834ddd2a6ec10e4c18810d1489f662f7&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Telescopio \"Carta del Cielo\" al interior del domo del complejo astronómico en Tonantzintla, Puebla. Este aparato, de finales del siglo XIX, formó parte de la \"mudanza\" del observatorio desde la ciudad de México a Puebla, y que hoy está en manos de la UNAM. Imagen: Flickr.","auth":{"1":"862dff9b8905e63f540421709e565010834ddd2a6ec10e4c18810d1489f662f7"},"caption":"Telescopio \"Carta del Cielo\" al interior del domo del complejo astronómico en Tonantzintla, Puebla. Este aparato, de finales del siglo XIX, formó parte de la \"mudanza\" del observatorio desde la ciudad de México a Puebla, y que hoy está en manos de la UNAM. Imagen: Flickr.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:51:36Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":560,"y":376},"geo":{},"height":801,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:52:10Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"telescopio-antiguo-carta-del-cielo","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/7GLSDZ3AFNCOBKMJORTPFLOOQQ.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415676,"lastModified":1753916615489},"{\"_id\":\"OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU\"}":{"data":{"_id":"OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg?auth=0f29d0c4985f4b4c4c28fdaf05b0ea52424b5b87b78d45415abc2013e3052cad","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["cdmx poniente","metro linea 1","observatorio","tacubaya","construccion metro"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen3.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg?auth=0f29d0c4985f4b4c4c28fdaf05b0ea52424b5b87b78d45415abc2013e3052cad","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg?auth=0f29d0c4985f4b4c4c28fdaf05b0ea52424b5b87b78d45415abc2013e3052cad","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg?auth=0f29d0c4985f4b4c4c28fdaf05b0ea52424b5b87b78d45415abc2013e3052cad&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Fragmento del mapa de la Primera Etapa de Construcción del Metro 1967-1972 que aparece en el libro “Treinta años de hacer el Metro Ciudad de México”.","auth":{"1":"0f29d0c4985f4b4c4c28fdaf05b0ea52424b5b87b78d45415abc2013e3052cad"},"caption":"Fragmento del mapa de la Primera Etapa de Construcción del Metro 1967-1972 que aparece en el libro “Treinta años de hacer el Metro Ciudad de México”.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:12:32Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":651,"y":670},"geo":{},"height":1201,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:12:46Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"croquis-metro-linea-1","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKSKU3JMVFHPLKURKFOHAGPRWU.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1191,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415676,"lastModified":1753916615487},"{\"_id\":\"OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4\"}":{"data":{"_id":"OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg?auth=6895bf2ad368725ec9ad6b912c147f3a269392ee09903045f9841ed78f562bc5","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["observatorio","tacubaya","metro linea 1","construccion metro"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen4.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg?auth=6895bf2ad368725ec9ad6b912c147f3a269392ee09903045f9841ed78f562bc5","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg?auth=6895bf2ad368725ec9ad6b912c147f3a269392ee09903045f9841ed78f562bc5","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg?auth=6895bf2ad368725ec9ad6b912c147f3a269392ee09903045f9841ed78f562bc5&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Imagen tomada del libro “Memoria Metro de la Ciudad de México” en donde aparece el tipo de suelo en el que se encuentran las estaciones Chapultepec, Juanacatlán, Tacubaya y Observatorio.","auth":{"1":"6895bf2ad368725ec9ad6b912c147f3a269392ee09903045f9841ed78f562bc5"},"caption":"Imagen tomada del libro “Memoria Metro de la Ciudad de México” en donde aparece el tipo de suelo en el que se encuentran las estaciones Chapultepec, Juanacatlán, Tacubaya y Observatorio.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:17:38Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":615,"y":443},"geo":{},"height":840,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:17:59Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"plano-metro-linea-1","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OEYLVUUTNFCAXHOKSBTMP7F3W4.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415676,"lastModified":1753916615485},"{\"_id\":\"K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ\"}":{"data":{"_id":"K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg?auth=3f5cda81726aaecea0ea5d9f9ca81bb1a0d9477bd7eb5e8f453a6bcbb1ffed78","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["unam","metro universidad","transporte público","años ochenta"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"autobuses-metro-universidad-ochentas.jpeg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg?auth=3f5cda81726aaecea0ea5d9f9ca81bb1a0d9477bd7eb5e8f453a6bcbb1ffed78","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg?auth=3f5cda81726aaecea0ea5d9f9ca81bb1a0d9477bd7eb5e8f453a6bcbb1ffed78","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg?auth=3f5cda81726aaecea0ea5d9f9ca81bb1a0d9477bd7eb5e8f453a6bcbb1ffed78&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Varias personas son captadas abordando un autobús de la extinta Ruta 100 en una fotografía tomada en la década de los ochenta. Al fondo se encuentra la estación terminal Universidad de la línea 3 del Metro. Crédito: Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"3f5cda81726aaecea0ea5d9f9ca81bb1a0d9477bd7eb5e8f453a6bcbb1ffed78"},"caption":"Varias personas son captadas abordando un autobús de la extinta Ruta 100 en una fotografía tomada en la década de los ochenta. Al fondo se encuentra la estación terminal Universidad de la línea 3 del Metro. Crédito: Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2023-05-18T00:14:58Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":915,"y":360},"geo":{},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2023-05-18T00:15:53Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"autobuses-metro-universidad-ochentas","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/K3IMCAXKHNHWHC4FG642XKCTEQ.jpeg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415763,"lastModified":1753916615669},"{\"_id\":\"VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU\"}":{"data":{"_id":"VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg?auth=70d71da8c90f114371f110e815480ed648ce6041aa985dcd53af11d68d1e56cf","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["tacubaya","observatorio","metro linea 1","cdmx poniente","construccion metro"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen5.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg?auth=70d71da8c90f114371f110e815480ed648ce6041aa985dcd53af11d68d1e56cf","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg?auth=70d71da8c90f114371f110e815480ed648ce6041aa985dcd53af11d68d1e56cf","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg?auth=70d71da8c90f114371f110e815480ed648ce6041aa985dcd53af11d68d1e56cf&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"La estación terminal Observatorio de la línea 1 en sus últimos detalles para su próxima puesta en servicio. Esta estación fue inaugurada el 10 de junio de 1972. Imagen: Archivo STC Metro.","auth":{"1":"70d71da8c90f114371f110e815480ed648ce6041aa985dcd53af11d68d1e56cf"},"caption":"La estación terminal Observatorio de la línea 1 en sus últimos detalles para su próxima puesta en servicio. Esta estación fue inaugurada el 10 de junio de 1972. Imagen: Archivo STC Metro.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:19:54Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":817,"y":381},"geo":{},"height":769,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:20:13Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"construccion-metro-observatorio","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/VG445Q23IJBGXNAOLBFFEUQWNU.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415697,"lastModified":1753916615670},"{\"_id\":\"MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU\"}":{"data":{"_id":"MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg?auth=751d6a76921b7ac9a62fafee22c3cf0b9e582d397de873ce07858d3e1d72dece","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","iptc_job_identifier":"8fIA52_uQXh2Be3EdcOe","keywords":["","cdmx poniente","metro linea 1","observatorio","tacubaya"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen9.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg?auth=751d6a76921b7ac9a62fafee22c3cf0b9e582d397de873ce07858d3e1d72dece","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg?auth=751d6a76921b7ac9a62fafee22c3cf0b9e582d397de873ce07858d3e1d72dece","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg?auth=751d6a76921b7ac9a62fafee22c3cf0b9e582d397de873ce07858d3e1d72dece&width=300","usage_instructions":"FBMD01000a9f0d000038980000d3950100a4b101009bdc0100d73e02004a750300b9900300b7be0300eafb03000da30500","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"El interior de la estación Observatorio es fácil de reconocer, más que por el letrero, porque su diseño ha cambiado muy poco desde los años setenta, como se ve en la imagen. Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"751d6a76921b7ac9a62fafee22c3cf0b9e582d397de873ce07858d3e1d72dece"},"caption":"El interior de la estación Observatorio es fácil de reconocer, más que por el letrero, porque su diseño ha cambiado muy poco desde los años setenta, como se ve en la imagen. Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2024-01-18T00:02:57Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":557,"y":439},"geo":{},"height":793,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-18T00:03:11Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"metro-observatorio-años-setenta","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MMUHA4ZGJJD4DPH3EKNAG2P7OU.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415723,"lastModified":1753916615684},"{\"_id\":\"MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ\"}":{"data":{"_id":"MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg?auth=6c7ec7e78d8a11f536b17e70d0cf2c29f7448d7a13268be0173f87c9086a0689","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["observatorio","tacubaya","metro linea 1","cdmx poniente"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen6.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg?auth=6c7ec7e78d8a11f536b17e70d0cf2c29f7448d7a13268be0173f87c9086a0689","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg?auth=6c7ec7e78d8a11f536b17e70d0cf2c29f7448d7a13268be0173f87c9086a0689","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg?auth=6c7ec7e78d8a11f536b17e70d0cf2c29f7448d7a13268be0173f87c9086a0689&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Los alrededores de la estación terminal Observatorio de la línea 1 del Metro aparecen en una fotografía aérea tomada a finales de la década de los setenta, cuando se decidió construir puentes para conectar el paradero de autobuses con la Terminal Central de Autobuses del Poniente, al igual con el Metro. Imagen: Libro “Treinta años de hacer el Metro Ciudad de México”.","auth":{"1":"6c7ec7e78d8a11f536b17e70d0cf2c29f7448d7a13268be0173f87c9086a0689"},"caption":"Los alrededores de la estación terminal Observatorio de la línea 1 del Metro aparecen en una fotografía aérea tomada a finales de la década de los setenta, cuando se decidió construir puentes para conectar el paradero de autobuses con la Terminal Central de Autobuses del Poniente, al igual con el Metro. Imagen: Libro “Treinta años de hacer el Metro Ciudad de México”.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:22:47Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":542,"y":626},"geo":{},"height":1201,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:23:16Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"metro-observatorio-vista-aerea","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MPS2MSFNPNHHPO4EODS47SGFOQ.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":985,"syndication":{},"editor_note":""},"expires":1753918415722,"lastModified":1753916615680},"{\"_id\":\"MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4\"}":{"data":{"_id":"MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg?auth=ec716c838787614c7e093a8d1f97a9bcbc5a736779b6b450614cd58f8786363c","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","iptc_job_identifier":"s0PcGOTj5ynnkivm429g","keywords":["","cdmx poniente","metro linea 1","observatorio","tacubaya"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Imagen8.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg?auth=ec716c838787614c7e093a8d1f97a9bcbc5a736779b6b450614cd58f8786363c","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg?auth=ec716c838787614c7e093a8d1f97a9bcbc5a736779b6b450614cd58f8786363c","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg?auth=ec716c838787614c7e093a8d1f97a9bcbc5a736779b6b450614cd58f8786363c&width=300","usage_instructions":"FBMD01000aa5010000f6880000508d0100a8b00100c8e701001d65020083b803009fd403007d0204005a4604006f190600","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"En esta foto del interior de la terminal se aprecia la configuración de dos vías que se mantendrá aún tras los nuevos trabajos de ampliación e interconexión del transporte. Colección Villasana.","auth":{"1":"ec716c838787614c7e093a8d1f97a9bcbc5a736779b6b450614cd58f8786363c"},"caption":"En esta foto del interior de la terminal se aprecia la configuración de dos vías que se mantendrá aún tras los nuevos trabajos de ampliación e interconexión del transporte. Colección Villasana.","created_date":"2024-01-17T23:29:19Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":584,"y":418},"geo":{},"height":792,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-17T23:29:34Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"interior-metro-observatorio-andenes","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MI7RVNE7C5EHLJGJQVE42IX5O4.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415702,"lastModified":1753916615671},"{\"_id\":\"TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY\"}":{"data":{"_id":"TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg?auth=a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["linea 12","megaobras","observatorio"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"ampliacion-metro-mixcoac-observatorio.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg?auth=a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg?auth=a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg?auth=a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Construcción de la extensión de 4.6 km de la Línea 12 en túnel profundo, de Mixcoac a Observatorio, con dos estaciones, una terminal, y un depósito de trenes con cola de maniobras. Incluye la construcción de la obra civil y electromecánica. Con el proyecto, la Línea 12 será la de mayor extensión del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo de la CDMX, con 28.3 km en total. Imagen: FONADIN.","auth":{"1":"a26b76e2485e839edf88d54a7d6cca826ee68f8b3a939d1dfa3222eea7271168"},"caption":"Construcción de la extensión de 4.6 km de la Línea 12 en túnel profundo, de Mixcoac a Observatorio, con dos estaciones, una terminal, y un depósito de trenes con cola de maniobras. Incluye la construcción de la obra civil y electromecánica. Con el proyecto, la Línea 12 será la de mayor extensión del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo de la CDMX, con 28.3 km en total. Imagen: FONADIN.","created_date":"2024-01-18T01:01:59Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":615,"y":383},"geo":{},"height":787,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-01-18T01:04:18Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"ampliacion-metro-mixcoac-observatorio","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/TAXWPV7RDVB2RHXIZILSWYHVAY.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{}},"expires":1753918415723,"lastModified":1753916615678}},"story-feed-by-section":{"{\"from\":\"\",\"section\":\"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo\",\"size\":3}":{"data":{"type":"results","version":"0.6.0","content_elements":[{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"Hoy exploramos cinco cintas mexicanas que retratan el imaginario popular de la vida nocturna capitalina, sus cabarets con ficheras dolientes, femmes fatales, crueles explotadores de mujeres necesitadas y noches de incidentes y emociones desbordadas. Texto: Carlos Villasana"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},"sites":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},{"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"}],"sections":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},{"path":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}],"primary_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},"seo_keywords":["vida nocturna cdmx","cdmx en el cine","cabareteras y rumberas"],"tags":[{"description":"cine de oro","text":"cine de oro","slug":"cine-de-oro"},{"description":"cabaret","text":"cabaret","slug":"cabaret"},{"description":"cdmx","text":"cdmx","slug":"cdmx"},{"description":"prostitución","text":"prostitución","slug":"prostitucion"}]},"type":"story","promo_items":{"basic":{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"df546bc886a6fc5001558510e97ad9ba66835900fca639f6ebefb859f7b5fd6b"},"caption":"La mancha de sangre (Adolfo Best, 1937). Filmada en un cabaret real (Leda, que en la película es el cabaret La mancha de sangre), por lo que el ambiente cabaretil está muy bien logrado; la película fue censurada por algunas escenas consideradas pecaminosas (entre ellas una danza con velo con striptease y desnudo). Se estrenó recortada, tardíamente en 1943 y desapareció durante poco más de cincuenta años, por lo que se consideró una película mítica y maldita. Tomada de Internet.","source":{"system":"photo center","name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","edit_url":"","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":609,"y":373},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"alt_text":"La mancha de sangre (Adolfo Best, 1937). Filmada en un cabaret real (Leda, que en la película es el cabaret La mancha de sangre), por lo que el ambiente cabaretil está muy bien logrado; la película fue censurada por algunas escenas consideradas pecaminosas (entre ellas una danza con velo con striptease y desnudo). Se estrenó recortada, tardíamente en 1943 y desapareció durante poco más de cincuenta años, por lo que se consideró una película mítica y maldita. Tomada de Internet.","credits":{"by":[]},"subtitle":"la-mancha-de-sangre-cartel","width":1201,"_id":"JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg?auth=df546bc886a6fc5001558510e97ad9ba66835900fca639f6ebefb859f7b5fd6b","keywords":[],"proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg?auth=df546bc886a6fc5001558510e97ad9ba66835900fca639f6ebefb859f7b5fd6b","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg?auth=df546bc886a6fc5001558510e97ad9ba66835900fca639f6ebefb859f7b5fd6b","ingestionMethod":"manual","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/JNRKLNAUSZDOHO2UBDREZWTQRE.jpg?auth=df546bc886a6fc5001558510e97ad9ba66835900fca639f6ebefb859f7b5fd6b&width=300","version":1,"originalName":"la-mancha-de-sangre-cartel.jpg","mime_type":"image/jpeg","restricted":false,"template_id":1136,"galleries":[]},"created_date":"2025-07-25T22:14:31Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-25T22:15:01Z","height":740,"image_type":"photograph"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/la-vida-nocturna-y-el-vicio-reflejados-en-el-cine-de-oro-nacional/","revision":{"editions":["default"],"parent_id":"IRMYTQWWLBDHNA3GB5NDCZWTPU","published":true,"branch":"default","revision_id":"YP6ZT5U3YZBTPF5QZXUGDTLOKM"},"planning":{"scheduling":{"will_have_image":true},"story_length":{"character_count_actual":8767,"inch_count_actual":9,"word_count_actual":1405,"line_count_actual":61}},"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"display_date":"2025-07-27T10:02:56.481Z","credits":{"by":[{"image":{"version":"0.5.8","url":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/a924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png"},"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com"},{"site":"facebook","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion"},{"site":"twitter","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion"}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com"},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion"},{"site":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion"}],"name":"Carlos Villasana","description":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","_id":"Carlos-Villasana","additional_properties":{"original":{"lastName":"Villasana","image":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/a924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png","role":"Periodista de la sección Opinión","education":[],"longBio":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion","native_app_rendering":false,"fuzzy_match":false,"affiliations":"","bio":"Es investigador iconográfico, escritor, asesor y colaborador en diversas editoriales e instituciones culturales, públicas y privadas. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de la Ciudad de México.","expertise":"Investigador, escritor y asesor; colabora con editoriales e instituciones. Es miembro del Colegio de Cronistas de CDMX","firstName":"Carlos","twitter":"https://twitter.com/Univ_Opinion","books":[],"podcasts":[],"contributor":false,"awards":[],"_id":"Carlos-Villasana","bio_page":"/autores/carlos-villasana","last_updated_date":"2025-06-18T00:25:44.913Z","byline":"Carlos Villasana","email":"suverzacarlos@gmail.com","slug":"carlos-villasana","status":true}},"type":"author","version":"0.5.8","url":"/autores/carlos-villasana","slug":"carlos-villasana"}]},"headlines":{"tablet":"","print":"","meta_title":"La vida nocturna y el vicio reflejados en el cine de oro nacional","native":"La vida nocturna y el vicio reflejados en el cine de oro nacional","web":"La vida nocturna y el vicio reflejados en el cine de oro nacional","mobile":"La vida nocturna y el vicio reflejados en el cine de oro nacional","basic":"La vida nocturna y el vicio reflejados en el cine de oro nacional"},"first_publish_date":"2025-07-27T10:02:56.481Z","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/la-vida-nocturna-y-el-vicio-reflejados-en-el-cine-de-oro-nacional/","website_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}}},"created_date":"2025-07-25T20:32:56.964Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-27T10:02:56.653Z","publish_date":"2025-07-27T10:02:56.481Z","_id":"W42NKY5XUJFDZJKUHES7QRO3VQ"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"En 1931, los jóvenes mexicanos Emilio Cortés Rubio y Manuel García Gómez murieron en suelo estadounidense tras un desafortunado encuentro con la policía. La conexión familiar que tenían con el presidente Pascual Ortiz Rubio convirtió el doble asesinato en un tema a nivel diplomático. Texto: Liza Luna"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},"sites":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},{"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"}],"sections":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},{"path":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}],"primary_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},"seo_keywords":["pascual ortiz rubio","relacion mexico eu","abuso policial","emilio cortes rubio","manuel garcia gomez"],"tags":[{"description":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","text":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","slug":"mochilazo-en-el-tiempo"},{"description":"relación México-Estados Unidos","text":"relación México-Estados Unidos","slug":"relacion-mexico-estados-unidos"},{"description":"abuso policial","text":"abuso policial","slug":"abuso-policial"}]},"type":"story","promo_items":{"basic":{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"55191e97df60d3b56d1ea48f09ca6352c43f651e8157e8ddcfca503a053cdf9b"},"caption":"Emilio Cortés Rubio y la calle de Ardmore, Oklahoma. A raíz de la crisis económica de 1929, los ánimos entre México-EU estaban álgidos, sobre todo por las deportaciones masivas, discriminación y maltrato contra nuestros compatriotas. Fotos: Tomada de An Oklahoma Tragedy/Ardmore Historical Society FB/ESPECIAL.","source":{"system":"photo center","name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","edit_url":"","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":370,"y":368},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"alt_text":"Emilio Cortés Rubio y la calle de Ardmore, Oklahoma. A raíz de la crisis económica de 1929, los ánimos entre México-EU estaban álgidos, sobre todo por las deportaciones masivas, discriminación y maltrato contra nuestros compatriotas. Fotos: Tomada de An Oklahoma Tragedy/Ardmore Historical Society FB/ESPECIAL.","credits":{"by":[]},"subtitle":"asesinato-mexicanos","width":1201,"_id":"2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg?auth=55191e97df60d3b56d1ea48f09ca6352c43f651e8157e8ddcfca503a053cdf9b","keywords":["emilio cortés rubio","manuel garcía gómez","relaciones méxico-eu","abuso policial"],"proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg?auth=55191e97df60d3b56d1ea48f09ca6352c43f651e8157e8ddcfca503a053cdf9b","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg?auth=55191e97df60d3b56d1ea48f09ca6352c43f651e8157e8ddcfca503a053cdf9b","ingestionMethod":"manual","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/2OI37KGTVBABJLACLQCKS4A3FU.jpg?auth=55191e97df60d3b56d1ea48f09ca6352c43f651e8157e8ddcfca503a053cdf9b&width=300","version":1,"originalName":"asesinato-mexicanos.jpg","mime_type":"image/jpeg","restricted":false,"template_id":1136,"galleries":[]},"created_date":"2025-07-25T19:36:00Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-25T19:36:13Z","height":740,"image_type":"photograph"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/el-asesinato-de-dos-estudiantes-mexicanos-que-movilizo-a-eu/","revision":{"editions":["default"],"parent_id":"DVC3QM5SUFAQZPGT4X6SYQRNRI","published":true,"branch":"default","revision_id":"2QWPVJHEKBHEXJ66JTWUXWDYFA"},"planning":{"scheduling":{"will_have_image":true},"story_length":{"character_count_actual":16418,"inch_count_actual":18,"word_count_actual":2667,"line_count_actual":124}},"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"display_date":"2025-07-26T11:02:05.383Z","credits":{"by":[{"image":{"version":"0.5.8","url":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/eabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png"},"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":null},{"site":"twitter","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":null}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":null},{"site":"twitter","url":null}],"name":"Liza Luna","description":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","_id":"liza-luna","additional_properties":{"original":{"lastName":"Luna","image":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/eabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png","role":"Hemeroteca y Archivo Fotográfico ","education":[],"longBio":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","facebook":null,"bio":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","affiliations":"eluniversal","expertise":"Investigadora de Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","firstName":"Liza ","twitter":null,"books":[],"podcasts":[],"awards":[],"_id":"liza-luna","bio_page":"/autores/liza-luna","last_updated_date":"2025-06-18T00:24:22.275Z","byline":"Liza Luna","email":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx","slug":"liza-luna","status":true}},"type":"author","version":"0.5.8","url":"/autores/liza-luna","slug":"liza-luna"}]},"headlines":{"tablet":"","print":"","meta_title":"El asesinato de dos estudiantes mexicanos que movilizó a EU","native":"El asesinato de dos estudiantes mexicanos que movilizó a EU","web":"El asesinato de dos estudiantes mexicanos que movilizó a EU","mobile":"El asesinato de dos estudiantes mexicanos que movilizó a EU","basic":"El asesinato de dos estudiantes mexicanos que movilizó a EU"},"first_publish_date":"2025-07-26T11:02:05.383Z","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/el-asesinato-de-dos-estudiantes-mexicanos-que-movilizo-a-eu/","website_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}}},"created_date":"2025-07-25T19:55:27.946Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-26T11:02:05.619Z","publish_date":"2025-07-26T11:02:05.383Z","_id":"2AX4SGR55NCQRMFXIE3OWSSVLQ"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"En la segunda y última parte sobre lo desconocido de Ramón Bravo Prieto está un lado más personal. Pasó de aventurero y casanova en sus tiempos mozos a una leyenda rebasada por la tecnología en sus últimos años. Texto: Liza Luna"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},"sites":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"},{"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"type":"site","version":"0.5.8"}],"sections":[{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},{"path":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/","name":"Opinión","description":null,"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-secciones-sidebar":null,"nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","_id":"/opinion","ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}],"primary_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"type":"section","version":"0.6.0"},"seo_keywords":["ramon bravo prieto","oceanografia","buceo","periodismo"],"tags":[{"description":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","text":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","slug":"mochilazo-en-el-tiempo"},{"description":"natacion","text":"natacion","slug":"natacion"},{"description":"buceo","text":"buceo","slug":"buceo"},{"description":"periodismo","text":"periodismo","slug":"periodismo"}]},"type":"story","promo_items":{"basic":{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"eluniversal"},"address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"101950ef4ebf1cad59559659eaf5424d848e5ed1bb2af06aafb35802e55ee386"},"caption":"Ramón Bravo Prieto en los años 70, mostrando su trabajo como documentalista marino. Según su nieta, el buzo “siempre que salía, llevaba su equipo y filmaba o grababa el paseo que iba dando, así sacó sus primeros documentales. Tenía un mundo de cámaras para agua, exteriores y de lentes”. Foto: Archivo EL UNIVERSAL.","source":{"system":"photo center","name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","edit_url":"","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":630,"y":227},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"alt_text":"Ramón Bravo Prieto en los años 70, mostrando su trabajo como documentalista marino. Según su nieta, el buzo “siempre que salía, llevaba su equipo y filmaba o grababa el paseo que iba dando, así sacó sus primeros documentales. Tenía un mundo de cámaras para agua, exteriores y de lentes”. Foto: Archivo EL UNIVERSAL.","credits":{"by":[]},"subtitle":"Ramón Bravo Prieto","width":1201,"_id":"EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg?auth=101950ef4ebf1cad59559659eaf5424d848e5ed1bb2af06aafb35802e55ee386","keywords":["ramón bravo prieto","fotografía submarina","natación","buceo","el universal"],"proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg?auth=101950ef4ebf1cad59559659eaf5424d848e5ed1bb2af06aafb35802e55ee386","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg?auth=101950ef4ebf1cad59559659eaf5424d848e5ed1bb2af06aafb35802e55ee386","ingestionMethod":"manual","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/EOT6BJ6FVZH45EKUL2ZA2O7QLI.jpg?auth=101950ef4ebf1cad59559659eaf5424d848e5ed1bb2af06aafb35802e55ee386&width=300","version":1,"originalName":"ramon-bravo-proyector.jpg","mime_type":"image/jpeg","restricted":false,"template_id":1136,"galleries":[]},"created_date":"2025-07-15T00:36:38Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-15T00:36:52Z","height":740,"image_type":"photograph"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/ramon-bravo-su-lado-mas-intrepido-y-apasionado/","revision":{"editions":["default"],"parent_id":"X4RZWD2LAJDPHGRAHKZ5XGPOHI","published":true,"branch":"default","revision_id":"AWDCTFICZBA4XIFUAP3ST3L74E"},"planning":{"scheduling":{"will_have_image":true},"story_length":{"character_count_actual":12276,"inch_count_actual":14,"word_count_actual":2143,"line_count_actual":95}},"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"display_date":"2025-07-19T08:41:02.96Z","credits":{"by":[{"image":{"version":"0.5.8","url":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/eabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png"},"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":null},{"site":"twitter","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":null}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":null},{"site":"twitter","url":null}],"name":"Liza Luna","description":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","_id":"liza-luna","additional_properties":{"original":{"lastName":"Luna","image":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/eabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png","role":"Hemeroteca y Archivo Fotográfico ","education":[],"longBio":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","facebook":null,"bio":"Lic. en Comunicación por la FES Acatlán. Investigadora de la sección Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","affiliations":"eluniversal","expertise":"Investigadora de Mochilazo en el Tiempo, con interés en temas históricos, cine, sanidad pública y del mundo geek.","firstName":"Liza ","twitter":null,"books":[],"podcasts":[],"awards":[],"_id":"liza-luna","bio_page":"/autores/liza-luna","last_updated_date":"2025-06-18T00:24:22.275Z","byline":"Liza Luna","email":"liza.luna@clabsa.com.mx","slug":"liza-luna","status":true}},"type":"author","version":"0.5.8","url":"/autores/liza-luna","slug":"liza-luna"}]},"headlines":{"tablet":"","print":"","meta_title":"Ramón Bravo, su lado más intrépido y apasionado","native":"Ramón Bravo, su lado más intrépido y apasionado","web":"Ramón Bravo, su lado más intrépido y apasionado","mobile":"Ramón Bravo, su lado más intrépido y apasionado","basic":"Ramón Bravo, su lado más intrépido y apasionado"},"first_publish_date":"2025-07-19T08:41:02.96Z","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_url":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/ramon-bravo-su-lado-mas-intrepido-y-apasionado/","website_section":{"path":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"_website":"eluniversal","parent_id":"/opinion","name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","description":null,"_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"site":{"site_about":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","site_description":null},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"eluniversal","site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/SYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},"name":"Mochilazo en el tiempo","_id":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"order":{"default":1448}}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}}},"created_date":"2025-07-15T00:58:32.997Z","last_updated_date":"2025-07-19T08:41:03.121Z","publish_date":"2025-07-19T08:41:02.96Z","_id":"5XTPPQPALBFFPJKRBWH6Q5MJNQ"}],"additional_properties":{"took":40,"timed_out":false},"count":1383,"next":3,"authorAuthExternal":[{"auth":{"1":"d04eafc6666f289a2768acb0be58605f731fd7f1cb3c7fe7ed160707723b1e5c"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fauthor-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub%2Feluniversal%2Fa924ba4d-9a17-4c34-b9b4-bc3ab2b2a96c.png"},{"auth":{"1":"8a5abdc5c877451b33cee9a352308dca5cc8075f57ba8279fda98203f0379349"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fauthor-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub%2Feluniversal%2Feabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png"},{"auth":{"1":"8a5abdc5c877451b33cee9a352308dca5cc8075f57ba8279fda98203f0379349"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fauthor-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub%2Feluniversal%2Feabb350c-dd72-4aef-a41d-30cf1efa540c.png"}],"sectionAuthExternal":[{"auth":{"1":"961137c0beeaf78c7721fe5f7397afb34df23cbc0278c69fe00254892b198b8c"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FSYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},{"auth":{"1":"961137c0beeaf78c7721fe5f7397afb34df23cbc0278c69fe00254892b198b8c"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FSYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"},{"auth":{"1":"961137c0beeaf78c7721fe5f7397afb34df23cbc0278c69fe00254892b198b8c"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FSYO55HRUBFCC5AKQNLGSG5NYXI.png"}],"page_number":1,"_id":"4243bbca47f552ec2ba4810427591d8c541d3671ecd1bc05741df0228ef51505"},"expires":1753916916013,"lastModified":1753916615687}},"story-feed-by-collection":{"{\"from\":0,\"id\":\"Z45JQYLCQNHJZDZIK5EIXTMZJ4\",\"size\":6}":{"data":{"_id":"Z45JQYLCQNHJZDZIK5EIXTMZJ4","version":"0.10.6","created_date":"2023-03-17T18:10:54.010Z","headlines":{"basic":"Opinión Home"},"last_updated_date":"2025-07-30T14:47:42.267Z","type":"collection","canonical_website":"eluniversal","websites":{"eluniversal":{}},"content_elements":[{"_id":"I456NHETRJH7XDZRFWNVQV2KQ4","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"periodistas-el-universal","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Periodistas EL UNIVERSAL null","image":{"url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/JH4R35WBYVDLNAFI3JMMF4KLCA.jpg","version":"0.5.8"},"description":null,"url":"/autores/periodistas-el-universal","slug":"periodistas-el-universal","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"guardia@eluniversal.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":null},{"site":"twitter","url":null}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"guardia@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"facebook","url":null,"deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"twitter","url":null,"deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"periodistas-el-universal","byline":"Periodistas EL UNIVERSAL","firstName":"Periodistas EL UNIVERSAL","lastName":null,"email":"guardia@eluniversal.com.mx","bio":null,"twitter":null,"facebook":null,"status":true,"role":"autor de Opinión","affiliations":"eluniversal","bio_page":"/autores/periodistas-el-universal","image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/JH4R35WBYVDLNAFI3JMMF4KLCA.jpg","last_updated_date":"2023-03-20T17:22:23.060Z","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"slug":"periodistas-el-universal"}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T06:01:00Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"Ya siéntese, señora Nahle ","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"label":{"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png?auth=1eac3b4afae5d60e6f4b5e06d659b0ccd87e48a1423a41b7d4aae0fafbf2dff3","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["irma hernández","rocio nahle"],"mime_type":"image/png","originalName":"veracruz.png","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png","owner":"alejandra.ortiz@correocpn.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png?auth=1eac3b4afae5d60e6f4b5e06d659b0ccd87e48a1423a41b7d4aae0fafbf2dff3","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png?auth=1eac3b4afae5d60e6f4b5e06d659b0ccd87e48a1423a41b7d4aae0fafbf2dff3","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png?auth=1eac3b4afae5d60e6f4b5e06d659b0ccd87e48a1423a41b7d4aae0fafbf2dff3&width=300","version":0,"template_id":1136,"focal_point":{"max":[599,206],"min":[599,206]}},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"1eac3b4afae5d60e6f4b5e06d659b0ccd87e48a1423a41b7d4aae0fafbf2dff3"},"caption":"Gobernadora de Veracruz asegura que muerte de Irma Hernández fue por infarto (28/07/2025). Foto: Captura de pantalla","created_date":"2025-07-28T22:10:16Z","credits":{"affiliation":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2025-07-28T22:10:16Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Gobernadora de Veracruz asegura que muerte de Irma Hernández fue por infarto","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RQRE4VUUPJDE7IU45MVJL4GXAM.png","version":"0.10.9","width":1201,"syndication":{},"focal_point":{"x":599,"y":206}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T13:31:07.947Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"YTNALJOUAJFNLII26ECXCGWX7Y"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"Bajo Reserva"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Bajo Reserva","description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","path":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","site":{"site_description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","site_about":null},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Bajo Reserva","order":{"default":1604},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/bajo-reserva"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Bajo Reserva","description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","path":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","site":{"site_description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","site_about":null},"name":"Bajo Reserva","order":{"default":1604},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Bajo Reserva","description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","path":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","site":{"site_description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","site_about":null},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Bajo Reserva","order":{"default":1604},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/bajo-reserva"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["bajo reserva","veeracruz","rocio nahle","presupuesto"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Bajo Reserva","description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","path":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","site":{"site_description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","site_about":null},"name":"Bajo Reserva","order":{"default":1604},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Bajo Reserva","slug":"bajo-reserva","text":"Bajo Reserva"},{"description":"Rocío Nahle","slug":"rocio-nahle","text":"Rocío Nahle"},{"description":"mañaneras","slug":"mananeras","text":"mañaneras"},{"description":"Youtubers","slug":"youtubers","text":"Youtubers"},{"description":"Morena","slug":"morena","text":"Morena"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Bajo Reserva","description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","path":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/bajo-reserva","site":{"site_description":"Bajo Reserva es elaborada con aportaciones de periodistas y colaboradores de EL UNIVERSAL previamente verificadas","site_about":null},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Bajo Reserva","order":{"default":1604},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/bajo-reserva"},"website_url":"/opinion/bajo-reserva/ya-sientese-senora-nahle/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/bajo-reserva/ya-sientese-senora-nahle/"},{"_id":"DU2WRNLJYVHIFG2CGM3UYJA4QE","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"salvador-garcia-soto","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Salvador García Soto null","image":{"url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MJNMOKZ5CRAUVJLRELRIIKUCEA.jpg","version":"0.5.8"},"description":null,"url":"/autores/salvador-garcia-soto","slug":"salvador-garcia-soto","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/"},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"salvador-garcia-soto","byline":"Salvador García Soto","firstName":"Salvador García Soto","lastName":null,"email":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","bio":null,"twitter":"@Univ_Opinion","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","status":true,"role":"autor de Opinión","affiliations":"eluniversal","bio_page":"/autores/salvador-garcia-soto","image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/MJNMOKZ5CRAUVJLRELRIIKUCEA.jpg","last_updated_date":"2023-03-20T17:22:22.900Z","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"slug":"salvador-garcia-soto"}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T07:17:13.688Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"Los López Obrador quieren ser españoles ","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"label":{"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg?auth=5ce9463b99aa79fd613cbb07cbd55dfab14ae36b5ccfdd21ceeb7b807dc39310","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["salvador garcía soto"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Redes-Salvador-Garcia-Soto.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg","owner":"yalina.ruiz@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg?auth=5ce9463b99aa79fd613cbb07cbd55dfab14ae36b5ccfdd21ceeb7b807dc39310","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg?auth=5ce9463b99aa79fd613cbb07cbd55dfab14ae36b5ccfdd21ceeb7b807dc39310","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg?auth=5ce9463b99aa79fd613cbb07cbd55dfab14ae36b5ccfdd21ceeb7b807dc39310&width=300","version":1,"template_id":1136,"focal_point":{"max":[647,220],"min":[647,220]}},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"5ce9463b99aa79fd613cbb07cbd55dfab14ae36b5ccfdd21ceeb7b807dc39310"},"caption":"Salvador García Soto","created_date":"2023-04-20T05:25:41Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"geo":{},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2025-07-30T06:58:59Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Salvador García Soto ","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/P5GMTZ647VAARHRE5LOCEENW5M.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1200,"syndication":{},"focal_point":{"x":647,"y":220}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T07:17:13.688Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"IHY5IXTCCNCYJIVEFN63HDPBOI"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Salvador García Soto","description":null,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Salvador García Soto","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"SERPIENTES Y ESCALERAS"},"order":{"default":1541},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/AKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/salvador-garcia-soto"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Salvador García Soto","description":null,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Salvador García Soto","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"SERPIENTES Y ESCALERAS"},"order":{"default":1541},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/AKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"}}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Salvador García Soto","description":null,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Salvador García Soto","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"SERPIENTES Y ESCALERAS"},"order":{"default":1541},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/AKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/salvador-garcia-soto"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["Salvador García Soto","ciudadanía española","familia lopez obrador","Beatriz Gutiérrez Müeller"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Salvador García Soto","description":null,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Salvador García Soto","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"SERPIENTES Y ESCALERAS"},"order":{"default":1541},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/AKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"}}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Salvador García Soto","slug":"salvador-garcia-soto","text":"Salvador García Soto"},{"description":"amlo","slug":"amlo","text":"amlo"},{"description":"España","slug":"espana","text":"España"},{"description":"ISSSTE","slug":"issste","text":"ISSSTE"},{"description":"corrupcion","slug":"corrupcion","text":"corrupcion"},{"description":"Beatriz Gutiérrez","slug":"beatriz-gutierrez","text":"Beatriz Gutiérrez"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Salvador García Soto","description":null,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Salvador García Soto","inactive":false,"path":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":"SERPIENTES Y ESCALERAS"},"order":{"default":1541},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/AKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/salvador-garcia-soto"},"website_url":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/los-lopez-obrador-quieren-ser-espanoles/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/los-lopez-obrador-quieren-ser-espanoles/"},{"_id":"KKFBWYMMEZHQBHQ74PSTQ4IBAE","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"hector-de-mauleon","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Héctor de Mauleón null","image":{"url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/LH7JQVF3NVFB7G5KT3KVA5YDBI.jpg","version":"0.5.8"},"description":null,"url":"/autores/hector-de-mauleon","slug":"hector-de-mauleon","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/"},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"hector-de-mauleon","byline":"Héctor de Mauleón","firstName":"Héctor de Mauleón","lastName":null,"email":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","bio":null,"twitter":"@Univ_Opinion","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","status":true,"role":"autor de Opinión","affiliations":"eluniversal","bio_page":"/autores/hector-de-mauleon","image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/LH7JQVF3NVFB7G5KT3KVA5YDBI.jpg","last_updated_date":"2023-03-20T17:22:23.287Z","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"slug":"hector-de-mauleon"}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T10:53:43.122Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"La fuga del misterioso Brother Wang","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"label":{"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg?auth=87647549982550c90a69b626621bb2f5178162691fc8ec9006fa83fd3632145d","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["héctor de mauleón","redes","opinion"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Hector-de-Mauleon.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg","owner":"brenda.martinez@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg?auth=87647549982550c90a69b626621bb2f5178162691fc8ec9006fa83fd3632145d","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg?auth=87647549982550c90a69b626621bb2f5178162691fc8ec9006fa83fd3632145d","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg?auth=87647549982550c90a69b626621bb2f5178162691fc8ec9006fa83fd3632145d&width=300","version":0,"template_id":1136,"focal_point":{"max":[616,217],"min":[616,217]}},"address":{},"alt_text":"Héctor de Mauleón","auth":{"1":"87647549982550c90a69b626621bb2f5178162691fc8ec9006fa83fd3632145d"},"caption":"Columnista Héctor de Mauleón. Foto: EL UNIVERSAL","created_date":"2023-04-04T21:06:29Z","credits":{"affiliation":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2023-04-04T21:06:29Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Héctor de Mauleón","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KIRAE2VM4RAIDKTHRTR6FVYBJU.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1200,"syndication":{},"focal_point":{"x":616,"y":217}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T10:53:43.122Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"NPTLW44TTBESJIHMLUVOEAYQUU"},"subheadlines":{"basic":"Un golpe brutal a la endeble confianza que en EU les despierta el gobierno mexicano"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","description":"Escritor y periodista","path":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","site":{"site_description":"Escritor y periodista","site_about":"EN TERCERA PERSONA"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","order":{"default":1212},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/hector-de-mauleon"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","description":"Escritor y periodista","path":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","site":{"site_description":"Escritor y periodista","site_about":"EN TERCERA PERSONA"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},"name":"Héctor De Mauleón","order":{"default":1212},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","description":"Escritor y periodista","path":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","site":{"site_description":"Escritor y periodista","site_about":"EN TERCERA PERSONA"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","order":{"default":1212},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/hector-de-mauleon"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["Héctor de Mauleón","tráfico internacional","Zhi Dong Zhang"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","description":"Escritor y periodista","path":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","site":{"site_description":"Escritor y periodista","site_about":"EN TERCERA PERSONA"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},"name":"Héctor De Mauleón","order":{"default":1212},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Héctor De Mauleón","slug":"hector-de-mauleon","text":"Héctor De Mauleón"},{"description":"cártel de Sinaloa","slug":"cartel-de-sinaloa","text":"cártel de Sinaloa"},{"description":"Omar García Harfuch","slug":"omar-garcia-harfuch","text":"Omar García Harfuch"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","description":"Escritor y periodista","path":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon","site":{"site_description":"Escritor y periodista","site_about":"EN TERCERA PERSONA"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/OKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Héctor De Mauleón","order":{"default":1212},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/hector-de-mauleon"},"website_url":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon/la-fuga-del-misterioso-brother-wang/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/hector-de-mauleon/la-fuga-del-misterioso-brother-wang/"},{"_id":"KEKLZNVWSNFGLL6SM7JUAJRJUA","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"muro"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"mario-maldonado","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mario Maldonado null","image":{"url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/2CNJGU2PV5BPXHUEQCT7K4JGKM.jpg","version":"0.5.8"},"description":null,"url":"/autores/mario-maldonado","slug":"mario-maldonado","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx"},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/"},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."},{"site":"twitter","url":"@Univ_Opinion","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"mario-maldonado","byline":"Mario Maldonado","firstName":"Mario Maldonado","lastName":null,"email":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","bio":null,"twitter":"@Univ_Opinion","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/universalopinion/","status":true,"role":"autor de Opinión","affiliations":"eluniversal","bio_page":"/autores/mario-maldonado","image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/2CNJGU2PV5BPXHUEQCT7K4JGKM.jpg","last_updated_date":"2023-03-20T17:22:23.188Z","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"slug":"mario-maldonado"}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T06:19:31.551Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"El plan de rescate de Pemex ","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg?auth=5e04981e0c78a6e6003c84985fc8569f03ba37af632bd8b8f7a029ab7fd76a4f","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":["mario maldonado","redes","opinion","historias de negoceos"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"mario-maldonado.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg","owner":"brenda.martinez@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg?auth=5e04981e0c78a6e6003c84985fc8569f03ba37af632bd8b8f7a029ab7fd76a4f","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg?auth=5e04981e0c78a6e6003c84985fc8569f03ba37af632bd8b8f7a029ab7fd76a4f","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg?auth=5e04981e0c78a6e6003c84985fc8569f03ba37af632bd8b8f7a029ab7fd76a4f&width=300","version":3,"template_id":1136},"address":{},"alt_text":"Mario Maldonado","auth":{"1":"5e04981e0c78a6e6003c84985fc8569f03ba37af632bd8b8f7a029ab7fd76a4f"},"caption":"Columnista Mario Maldonado. Foto: EL UNIVERSAL","created_date":"2023-03-31T03:44:16Z","credits":{"by":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"focal_point":{"x":609,"y":275},"geo":{},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2023-04-12T17:07:56Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Mario Maldonado","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/4GF2PJX7KNFJROZTS7UFKFF2DM.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1200,"syndication":{}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T07:08:48.756Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"RYWRHDEADJF6BABC2D4CXWG5BM"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mario Maldonado","description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","path":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","site":{"site_description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","site_about":"HISTORIAS DE NegoCEOs"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mario Maldonado","order":{"default":1418},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mario-maldonado"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mario Maldonado","description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","path":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","site":{"site_description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","site_about":"HISTORIAS DE NegoCEOs"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},"name":"Mario Maldonado","order":{"default":1418},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mario Maldonado","description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","path":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","site":{"site_description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","site_about":"HISTORIAS DE NegoCEOs"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mario Maldonado","order":{"default":1418},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mario-maldonado"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["mario maldonado","colapso financiero de pemex","produccion petrolera"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Mario Maldonado","description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","path":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","site":{"site_description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","site_about":"HISTORIAS DE NegoCEOs"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},"name":"Mario Maldonado","order":{"default":1418},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Mario Maldonado","slug":"mario-maldonado","text":"Mario Maldonado"},{"description":"Últimas Noticias Claudia Sheinbaum, presidenta de México en vivo ","slug":"claudia-sheinbaum","text":"Claudia Sheinbaum"},{"description":"pemex","slug":"pemex","text":"pemex"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Mario Maldonado","description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","path":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/mario-maldonado","site":{"site_description":"Periodista especializado en asuntos de negocios, finanzas, economía y política en instituciones de México y el extranjero. Ha colaborado en diferentes medios de comunicación como Milenio Diario, El Financiero Bloomberg, Fortune en Español y The Washington Post. Actualmente escribe su columna de lunes a viernes en El Universal y dirige ELCEO.com, portal de periodismo de negocios, mercados, economía, tecnología, política y liderazgo. Es conductor del programa Bitácora de Negocios en El Heraldo Radio y de Noticias de la Mañana en El Heraldo TV. También es comentarista en el programa Alebrijes de Foro TV en TelevisaUnivisión. Colaboró en la BBC World Service. Es autor del libro Lozoya, el traidor.","site_about":"HISTORIAS DE NegoCEOs"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/KMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},"_website":"eluniversal","name":"Mario Maldonado","order":{"default":1418},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/mario-maldonado"},"website_url":"/opinion/mario-maldonado/el-plan-de-rescate-de-pemex/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/mario-maldonado/el-plan-de-rescate-de-pemex/"},{"_id":"PCHV2ESJS5CUZJFEIWWNVKJYFM","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"libre"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"alicia-barcena","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Alicia Bárcena","image":{"url":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/78cbdc2c-1656-4fd0-9852-ceb0ddc20943.jpg","version":"0.5.8"},"description":"Titular de Semarnat","url":"/autores/alicia-barcena","slug":"alicia-barcena","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"alicia-barcena","firstName":"Alicia","lastName":"Bárcena","byline":"Alicia Bárcena","role":"Autor de Opinión","image":"https://author-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub/eluniversal/78cbdc2c-1656-4fd0-9852-ceb0ddc20943.jpg","email":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","affiliations":"","education":[],"awards":[],"books":[],"podcasts":[],"bio_page":"/autores/alicia-barcena","bio":"Titular de Semarnat","longBio":"","slug":"alicia-barcena","native_app_rendering":false,"fuzzy_match":false,"contributor":false,"status":true,"last_updated_date":"2025-01-27T14:10:19.087Z"}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T10:24:33.639Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental: tres países, un medio ambiente","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"label":{"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg?auth=45abfbe4b025062be384e954baa61d93d8412ea9e00020d0839c6c560b3e713b","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"ALICIA BARCENA REDES.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg?auth=45abfbe4b025062be384e954baa61d93d8412ea9e00020d0839c6c560b3e713b","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg?auth=45abfbe4b025062be384e954baa61d93d8412ea9e00020d0839c6c560b3e713b","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg?auth=45abfbe4b025062be384e954baa61d93d8412ea9e00020d0839c6c560b3e713b&width=300","version":0,"template_id":1136,"focal_point":{"max":[594,257],"min":[594,257]}},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"45abfbe4b025062be384e954baa61d93d8412ea9e00020d0839c6c560b3e713b"},"caption":"Alicia Bárcena Ibarra","created_date":"2023-07-10T03:52:08Z","credits":{"affiliation":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2023-07-10T03:52:08Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Alicia Bárcena Ibarra","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/CPQBK7DYONDE7M72IV7VJREMRA.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1200,"syndication":{},"focal_point":{"x":594,"y":257}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T10:24:33.639Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"I4BSIBDGDBHQNJDEZSW5TLNRUI"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Alicia Bárcena","description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.","path":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Alicia Bárcena","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"order":{"default":983},"site":{"site_about":"Alicia Bárcena","site_description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales."},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/HEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/alicia-barcena"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Alicia Bárcena","description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.","path":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","name":"Alicia Bárcena","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"order":{"default":983},"site":{"site_about":"Alicia Bárcena","site_description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales."},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/HEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"}}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Alicia Bárcena","description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.","path":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Alicia Bárcena","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"order":{"default":983},"site":{"site_about":"Alicia Bárcena","site_description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales."},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/HEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/alicia-barcena"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["Alicia Bárcena","estados unidos y canada","medio ambiente"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Alicia Bárcena","description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.","path":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","name":"Alicia Bárcena","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"order":{"default":983},"site":{"site_about":"Alicia Bárcena","site_description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales."},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/HEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"}}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"Alicia Bárcena","slug":"alicia-barcena","text":"Alicia Bárcena"},{"description":"recursos naturales","slug":"recursos-naturales","text":"recursos naturales"},{"description":"Canada","slug":"canada","text":"Canada"},{"description":"Estados Unidos","slug":"estados-unidos","text":"Estados Unidos"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Alicia Bárcena","description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.","path":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/alicia-barcena","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Alicia Bárcena","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":[],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"order":{"default":983},"site":{"site_about":"Alicia Bárcena","site_description":"Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales."},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/HEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/alicia-barcena"},"website_url":"/opinion/alicia-barcena/comision-para-la-cooperacion-ambiental-tres-paises-un-medio-ambiente/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/alicia-barcena/comision-para-la-cooperacion-ambiental-tres-paises-un-medio-ambiente/"},{"_id":"EBW4GZAG4FCHPNC3NI2UR2YDOY","additional_properties":{},"canonical_website":"eluniversal","content_restrictions":{"content_code":"libre"},"credits":{"by":[{"_id":"jorge-castaneda","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Jorge Castañeda","image":{"url":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/arc-authors/eluniversal/63288017-2045-4fd3-87ae-170ad83e26fd.png","version":"0.5.8"},"description":"Excanciller de México","url":"/autores/jorge-castaneda","slug":"jorge-castaneda","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"jorge-castaneda","firstName":"Jorge","lastName":"Castañeda","byline":"Jorge G. Castañeda","role":"Autor de Opinión","image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/arc-authors/eluniversal/63288017-2045-4fd3-87ae-170ad83e26fd.png","email":"editor@eluniversal.com.mx","affiliations":"","education":[],"awards":[],"books":[],"podcasts":[],"bio_page":"/autores/jorge-castaneda","bio":"Excanciller de México","longBio":"Excanciller de México","slug":"jorge-castaneda","native_app_rendering":false,"fuzzy_match":false,"contributor":false,"status":true,"last_updated_date":"2024-07-24T21:14:12.261Z","middleName":"G."}}}]},"display_date":"2025-07-30T06:55:36.344Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"eluniversal","subcategory":""},"headlines":{"basic":"Morena: la falsa austeridad ","meta_title":"","mobile":"","native":"","print":"","tablet":"","web":""},"label":{"permitir_publicidad":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amazon_alexa":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_amp":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"},"publish_facebook_ia":{"display":true,"text":"si","url":"si"}},"owner":{"sponsored":false},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg?auth=606e9ab6c92500b17a78cb4bae4c95d390a8368f8e8710734fea9e87d77523eb","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Redes-Jorge-Casataneda.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg","owner":"carlos.morales@clabsa.com.mx","proxyUrl":"/resizer/v2/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg?auth=606e9ab6c92500b17a78cb4bae4c95d390a8368f8e8710734fea9e87d77523eb","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg?auth=606e9ab6c92500b17a78cb4bae4c95d390a8368f8e8710734fea9e87d77523eb","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/v2/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg?auth=606e9ab6c92500b17a78cb4bae4c95d390a8368f8e8710734fea9e87d77523eb&width=300","version":0,"template_id":1136,"focal_point":{"max":[525,203],"min":[525,203]}},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"606e9ab6c92500b17a78cb4bae4c95d390a8368f8e8710734fea9e87d77523eb"},"caption":"Jorge G. Castañeda","created_date":"2024-07-24T21:09:48Z","credits":{"affiliation":[]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"00b9234a-c454-4f04-a1a4-2cb15c12c83c"},"height":740,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-07-24T21:09:48Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"eluniversal","sponsored":false},"source":{"name":"Distribución Imagen El Universal","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Jorge G. Castañeda","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/VHZS7QKTZVHBZARC6TYDKB5UDE.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":1200,"syndication":{},"focal_point":{"x":525,"y":203}}},"publish_date":"2025-07-30T06:55:36.344Z","revision":{"published":true,"revision_id":"5NVVVYYE6FBWTHTCJY2D5JYHOQ"},"subtype":"estandar","taxonomy":{"primary_section":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","description":"Excanciller de México","path":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/opinion"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/opinion/jorge-castaneda"]},"navigation":{"nav_title":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Excanciller de México","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":null,"site_url":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/jorge-castaneda"},"primary_site":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","description":"Excanciller de México","path":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/opinion"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/opinion/jorge-castaneda"]},"navigation":{"nav_title":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Excanciller de México","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":null,"site_url":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section"}}},"sections":[{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","description":"Excanciller de México","path":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/opinion"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/opinion/jorge-castaneda"]},"navigation":{"nav_title":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Excanciller de México","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":null,"site_url":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/jorge-castaneda"},{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion"},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","parent":{"default":"/"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]},"_website":"eluniversal"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./minuto-x-minuto"}],"seo_keywords":["Jorge G. Castañeda","riqueza","morena","austeridad de morena"],"sites":[{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","description":"Excanciller de México","path":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","parent_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/opinion"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/opinion/jorge-castaneda"]},"navigation":{"nav_title":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Excanciller de México","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":null,"site_url":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/opinion","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Opinión","description":null,"path":"/opinion","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion","name":"Opinión","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-mobile-app":["/"],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-secciones-sidebar":[]},"parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-mobile-app":"/","nav-estaticos":null,"nav-secciones-sidebar":null},"order":{"default":1024,"nav-deportes":1002,"nav-mobile-app":1002},"site":{"site_about":null,"site_description":null},"node_type":"section"}}},{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","type":"site","version":"0.5.8","name":"Minuto x Minuto","description":null,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","parent_id":"/","additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/minuto-x-minuto","version":"0.10.5","node_type":"section","type":"section","name":"Minuto x Minuto","inactive":false,"path":"/minuto-x-minuto","site":{"site_description":null,"site_about":null},"order":{"default":1025,"nav-deportes":1001},"website":"eluniversal","parent":{"default":"/","nav-deportes":"/","nav-bar":null,"nav-estaticos":null,"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":null},"ancestors":{"default":["/"],"nav-deportes":["/"],"nav-bar":[],"nav-estaticos":[],"nav-eluniversal-sidebar":[]}}}}],"tags":[{"description":"austeridad","slug":"austeridad","text":"austeridad"},{"description":"Morena","slug":"morena","text":"Morena"},{"description":"Ricardo Monreal","slug":"ricardo-monreal","text":"Ricardo Monreal"},{"description":"Adán Augusto López","slug":"adan-augusto-lopez","text":"Adán Augusto López"}]},"type":"story","version":"0.10.11","websites":{"eluniversal":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","type":"section","version":"0.6.0","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","description":"Excanciller de México","path":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","parent_id":"/opinion","parent":{"default":"/opinion"},"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda","_website":"eluniversal","name":"Jorge G. Castañeda","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/opinion"],"nav-estaticos":[]},"parent":{"default":"/opinion","nav-estaticos":null},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/opinion/jorge-castaneda"]},"navigation":{"nav_title":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Excanciller de México","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":null,"site_url":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniversal/RDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section"}},"_website_section_id":"eluniversal./opinion/jorge-castaneda"},"website_url":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda/morena-la-falsa-austeridad/"}},"canonical_url":"/opinion/jorge-castaneda/morena-la-falsa-austeridad/"}],"description":{"basic":"Esta colección alimenta la columna 300 de opinión en home"},"content_aliases":[],"owner":{"id":"eluniversal"},"revision":{"branch":"default","published":true},"canonical_url":null,"publishing":{"scheduled_operations":{"publish_edition":[],"unpublish_edition":[]}},"website":"eluniversal","authorAuthExternal":[{"auth":{"1":"10d48bfa71e8412c4ec9faa7493244fe30cd49517e44011292ccf2ea8dfd716a"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FJH4R35WBYVDLNAFI3JMMF4KLCA.jpg"},{"auth":{"1":"6beba6e0f353e91b6bbbba25f4a5cfaa9fb15f9b42d079a768c6fab6170b8959"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FMJNMOKZ5CRAUVJLRELRIIKUCEA.jpg"},{"auth":{"1":"39fe24b618271c9dc894468e0d605062c629092dd63297fbd99f79ff36cca1c6"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FLH7JQVF3NVFB7G5KT3KVA5YDBI.jpg"},{"auth":{"1":"547ba4e597e84c012e1fcc18efeb0996008478b10e6492a1dc7b5f720c167f2c"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2F2CNJGU2PV5BPXHUEQCT7K4JGKM.jpg"},{"auth":{"1":"fe3435de3428e5dc4782dfba99d8cd22958dd0a4facffd2b2392cb7ee074f81f"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fauthor-service-images-prod-us-east-1.publishing.aws.arc.pub%2Feluniversal%2F78cbdc2c-1656-4fd0-9852-ceb0ddc20943.jpg"},{"auth":{"1":"d047643d78a34d389ec9a7c13c8e8b4d4591edd315cb49982c5aa2cc10443c3b"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farc-authors%2Feluniversal%2F63288017-2045-4fd3-87ae-170ad83e26fd.png"}],"sectionAuthExternal":[{"auth":{"1":""},"url":""},{"auth":{"1":"169d074a1fb829cc49e3cb1e0581534af14301f1aeb67807e3ec9b243c0765f5"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FAKCBAT7FPRHXDCKCZS3NRINSPY.png"},{"auth":{"1":"ffdc2d9cfffdcafd7d3f805a1b31acb6348aa5019cccc3b3260e37ffa71ff7b0"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FOKA2VXX2SJCFVIH5VHDCMGXVBA.png"},{"auth":{"1":"df17860be30231883a22c89f7cdc3029b1f3f8a9d9d5bb9d694be0d66a2a15ae"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FKMEIQYJWTBAOBCSZX5XFKSR5HQ.png"},{"auth":{"1":"b654402905190227ab1bddb9a51f0891bfe24efa4f79971d812a0145ed080152"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FHEBEV3KLCVGUTOYP66TDZYVT7U.png"},{"auth":{"1":"08d35d12ab1d4fe1d3d76f560e97b715ba134b13e4056710ba933f4719683912"},"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com%2Feluniversal%2FRDJRP3AU7VCFZOKII4GJIRBPDU.png"}]},"expires":1753916725755,"lastModified":1753916605535}}};Fusion.layout="media-full";Fusion.metas={"id":{"value":"meta_story","html":true},"meta-type":{"value":"story","html":true},"description":{"value":"{{content.subheadlines.basic}}","html":true},"title":{"value":"{{content.headlines.basic}} | El Universal","html":true},"mrf:sections":{"value":"{{content.taxonomy.primary_section.path}}","html":true}};Fusion.outputType="default";Fusion.template="template/t97WqYgPel9ZyNdxt";Fusion.tree={"collection":"layouts","type":"media-full","props":{"collection":"layouts","type":"media-full","id":"media-full","childProps":[{"collection":"sections","id":0},{"collection":"sections","id":1},{"collection":"sections","id":2},{"collection":"sections","id":3},{"collection":"sections","id":4},{"collection":"sections","id":5},{"collection":"sections","id":6},{"collection":"sections","id":7},{"collection":"sections","id":8}]},"children":[{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":0},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"html/default","props":{"collection":"features","type":"html/default","id":"f0fxPaZPcuXLesD","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"htmlCodeField":"\n\n"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":1},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"layout/header","props":{"collection":"features","type":"layout/header","id":"f0fJYUyqduXLelx","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"navSecciones":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-noticias"}},"navVerticales":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-verticales"}},"navLocales":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-locales"}},"navBar":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-bar"}},"navSuplementos":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-suplementos"}},"navMultimedia":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-multimedia"}}},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":2},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"story/carousel-gallery","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/carousel-gallery","id":"f0fikqFzduXLenn","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"story/header","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/header","id":"f0f9eWxFduXLeeh","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"isOpinion":true},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"story/multimedia","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/multimedia","id":"f0f7jMUQduXLeeq","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"story/author","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/author","id":"f0fw9GXVduXLeWR","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":3},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"story/primary-gallery","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/primary-gallery","id":"f0fBhuxgeuXLeqX","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":4},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"story/opinion","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/opinion","id":"f0fHlyReQoj52Nq","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"storyConfig":{"contentService":"story-feed-by-section","contentConfigValues":{"section":"/opinion/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo","from":"","size":3}}},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":5},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"story/content","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/content","id":"f0fwLUuveuXLeVe","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"story/google-news","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/google-news","id":"f0ferAuAeuXLeue","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"urlGoogleNews":"https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMKG_7wowkfm2Ag?hl=es-419&gl=MX&ceid=MX%3Aes-419"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"story/tags","props":{"collection":"features","type":"story/tags","id":"f0f92aHFeuXLekz","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"titleField":"TEMAS RELACIONADOS"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":6},"children":[{"collection":"chains","type":"home-sidebar","props":{"collection":"chains","type":"home-sidebar","id":"c0fuNq30kuXLe7W","customFields":{},"displayProperties":{}},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"newsletter/default","props":{"collection":"features","type":"newsletter/default","id":"f0f6PgqnjuXLek4","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"typeNewsletter":"nwsl311"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"list/opinion","props":{"collection":"features","type":"list/opinion","id":"f0fF0GnoKNXl56D","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"storyConfig":{"contentService":"story-feed-by-collection","contentConfigValues":{"id":"Z45JQYLCQNHJZDZIK5EIXTMZJ4","from":0,"size":6}},"title":"Opinión","link":"/"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":7},"children":[{"collection":"features","type":"layout/footer","props":{"collection":"features","type":"layout/footer","id":"f0fncEiokuXLewx","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"navSecciones":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-noticias"}},"navVerticales":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-verticales"}},"navLocales":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-locales"}},"navBar":{"contentConfigValues":{},"contentService":""},"navSupplements":{"contentService":"navigation-by-hierarchy","contentConfigValues":{"hierarchy":"nav-suplementos"}}},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}},{"collection":"features","type":"html/default","props":{"collection":"features","type":"html/default","id":"f0fRvJ57jySu84K","contentConfig":{"contentService":"","contentConfigValues":{},"inherit":true},"customFields":{"htmlCodeField":"\n\n\n\n"},"displayProperties":{},"localEdits":{},"variants":{}}}]},{"collection":"sections","props":{"collection":"sections","id":8},"children":[]}]};Fusion.spa=false;Fusion.spaEnabled=false;